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{{Infobox Television episode | Title = Pilot
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==Diane it struck me earlier this morning, there are two things that continue to trouble me. What really went on between Marilyn Monroe and the Kennedys?==
  
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| Series = [[Twin Peaks]]
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Trivia: In the opening scene, Special Agent Dale Cooper is wearing the same boxers as Kyle MacLaughlin wore when playing Jeffery Beaumount in "Blue Velvet."
  
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| Image =
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| Caption =
  +
| Season = 1
  +
| Episode = 2
  +
| Airdate = April 12, 1990
  +
| Production = 1.001
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| Runtime = 46 min
  +
| Writer = [[David Lynch]]<br>[[Mark Frost]]
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| Director = [[Duwayne Dunham]]
  +
| Episode list = [[List of Twin Peaks episodes|List of ''Twin Peaks'' episodes]]
  +
| Prev = [[Pilot]]
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| Next = [[Zen, or the Skill to Catch a Killer]]
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}}
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:''Not to be confused with the [[Pilot|pilot episode]].''
  +
'''"Episode 1"''', also known as '''"Traces to Nowhere"''', is the second episode of ''[[Twin Peaks]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki> first season, which aired on [[ABC]] on April 12, 1990. It was written by series creators [[Mark Frost]] and [[David Lynch]], and directed by [[Duwayne Dunham]].
  +
  +
The day after [[Laura Palmer]]'s murder, Agent [[Dale Cooper]] continues his investigation, questioning several suspects connected to the victim, including Laura's secret boyfriend [[James Hurley]] and her best friend [[Donna Hayward]]. <!-- etc -->
  +
  +
== Synopsis ==
  +
:''To be added''
  +
===Log Lady introduction===
  +
:''Main article: [[Log Lady introductions]]
  +
''"I carry a [[log]], yes. Is it funny to you? It is not to me. Behind all things are reasons. Reasons can even explain the absurd.
  +
  +
"Do we have the time to learn the reasons behind human beings' varied behavior? I think not. Some take the time. Are they called detectives? Watch, and see what life teaches."''
  +
  +
===Act 1===
  +
===Act 2===
  +
===Act 3===
  +
===Act 4===
  +
===Act 5===
  +
  +
==Episode credits==
  +
===Cast===
  +
====Starring====
  +
{|
  +
|-
  +
| valign="top" |
  +
* [[Kyle Maclachlan]] as [[Dale Cooper]]
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* [[Michael Ontkean]] as Sheriff [[Harry S. Truman]]
  +
* [[Madchen Amick]] as [[Shelly Johnson]]
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* [[Dana Ashbrook]] as [[Bobby Briggs]]
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* [[Richard Beymer]] as [[Benjamin Horne]]
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* [[Lara Flynn Boyle]] as [[Donna Hayward]]
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* [[Sherilyn Fenn]] as [[Audrey Horne]]
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* [[Warren Frost]] as Dr. [[Will Hayward]]
  +
* [[Peggy Lipton]] as [[Norma Jennings]]
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* [[James Marshall]] as [[James Hurley]]
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* [[Everett McGill]] as [[Ed Hurley]]
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* [[Jack Nance]] as [[Pete Martell]]
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* [[Ray Wise]] as [[Leland Palmer]]
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* [[Joan Chen]] as [[Jocelyn Packard]]
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* and [[Piper Laurie]] as [[Catherine Martell]]
  +
| valign="top" |
  +
* [[Eric DaRe]] as [[Leo Johnson]]
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* [[Harry Goaz]] as Deputy [[Andy Brennan]]
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* [[Michael Horse]] as Deputy [[Tommy "Hawk" Hill]]
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* [[Sheryl Lee]] as [[Laura Palmer]]
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* and [[Russ Tamblyn]] as Dr. [[Lawrence Jacoby|Jacoby]]
  +
|}
  +
====Guest Starring====
  +
* [[Grace Zabriskie]] as [[Sarah Palmer]]
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* [[Don Davis]] as Major [[Garland Briggs]]
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* [[Mary Jo Deschanel]] as [[Eileen Hayward]]
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* [[Charlotte Stewart]] as [[Betty Briggs]]
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* [[Gary Hershberger]] as [[Mike Nelson]]
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* [[Wendy Robie]] as [[Nadine Hurley]]
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* [[Kimmy Robertson]] as [[Lucy Moran]]
  +
  +
====Featuring====
  +
* [[Catherine E. Coulson]] as [[Margaret Lanterman|Log Lady]]
  +
* [[Alan Ogle]] as [[Janek Pulaski]]
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* [[Michele Milantoni]] as [[Suburbis Pulaski]]
  +
* [[Jill Rogosheske]] as [[Trudy]]
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* [[Al Strobel]] as [[Philip Gerard|One-Armed Man]]
  +
  +
====Uncredited====
  +
* [[Frank Silva]] as [[BOB]]
  +
  +
===Production staff===
  +
{|
  +
|-
  +
| valign="top" |
  +
*Created by [[Mark Frost]] & [[David Lynch]]
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*Music Composed & Conducted by [[Angelo Badalamenti]]
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*Produced by [[Gregg Fienberg]]
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*Written by [[Mark Frost]] & [[David Lynch]]
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*Directed by [[Duwayne Dunham]]
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| valign="top" |
  +
*Executive Producers:
  +
**[[Mark Frost]]
  +
**[[David Lynch]]
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*Associate Producer: [[Philip Neel]]
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*Director of Photography: [[Frank Byers]]
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*Production Designer: [[Richard Hoover]]
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*Editor: [[Jonathan P. Shaw]]
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*Production Manager: [[Gregg Fienberg]]
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*First Assistant Director: [[Robert D. Simon]]
  +
*Second Assistant Directors:
  +
** [[Cristopher T. Gerrity]]
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** [[Deepak Nayar]]
  +
*Production Supervisor: [[Tim Harbert]]
  +
*1st Assistant Camera: [[Rudy Fenenga Jr.]]
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*2nd Assistant Camera: [[Beth Cotter]]
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*Art Director: [[Okowita]]
  +
*Set Decorator: [[Brian Kasch]]
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*Construction Coordinator: [[Keith Cox]]
  +
*Property Master: [[Clarence "Cass" Quitan]]
  +
*Costume Designer: [[Sara Markowitz]]
  +
*Costume Supervisor: [[Laurie L. Hudson]]
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*Make-Up: [[Carla Roseto Fabrizi]]
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*Hair: [[Annette E. Fabrizi]]
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*Make-Up/Hair Assistant: [[Linda A. Vallejo]]
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*Gaffer: [[Robert Ferrara]]
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*Key Grip: [[Joseph A. Kelly]]
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*Sound Mixer: [[Walter Hoylman]]
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*Boom Operator: [[Walter Charles Gorey]]
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| valign="top" |
  +
*Transportation Coordinator: [[Steve Boyd]]
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*Transportation Captain: [[Greg Van Dyke]]
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*Location Manager: [[Steve Share]]
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*Casting Assistant: [[Elaine J. Huzzar]]
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*Script Supervisor: [[Judi Townsend]]
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*Production Controller: [[Nowell B. Grossman]]
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*Production Secretary: [[Lori Tulli-Mitchell]]
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*Orchestrations: [[Angelo Badalamenti]]
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*Assistant to Mark Frost: [[Paula K. Shimatsu-U.]]
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*Assistant to David Lynch: [[Debby Trutnik]]
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*Assistant to Gregg Fienberg: [[Suzanne Hargrove]]
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*Supervising Sound Editor: [[John Larsen]]
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*Music Editor: [[Lori L. Eschler]]
  +
*Assistant Editor: [[Pamela Reisenleiter]]
  +
*Apprentice Editor: [[Alison M. Howard]]
  +
*Re-recording Mixers:
  +
**[[Gary Alexander]]
  +
**[[Jim Fitzpatrick]]
  +
**[[Adam Jenkins]]
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*Assorted wardrobe provided by:
  +
**[[The Greif Companies]]
  +
**[[Sheplers]]
  +
*Extras Casting: [[Superior Casting, Inc.]]
  +
*Titles & Opticals by [[Pacific Title]]
  +
*Color by [[de luxe]]
  +
*Telecine and Electronic Post Production: [[Encore Video]]
  +
*Post Production Sound & Sound Effects by [[Todd-AO/Glen Glenn Studios]]
  +
*In Association with [[Propaganda Films]]
  +
|}
  +
  +
  +
==Production==
  +
"Episode 1" was written by the series creators [[David Lynch]] and [[Mark Frost]]. The pair had co-written "[[Pilot (Twin Peaks)|Pilot]]", and would also write "[[Episode 2 (Twin Peaks)|Episode 2]]" together. Frost would pen a further eight scripts for the series after that,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmovie.com/artist/mark-frost-p90674 |title=Mark Frost&nbsp;– Movie and Film Biography, Credits and Filmography |publisher=AllRovi |accessdate=August 10, 2012}}</ref> while Lynch would write just one episode—the second season opening installment, "[[Episode 8 (Twin Peaks)|Episode&nbsp;8]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmovie.com/artist/david-lynch-p100454/ |title=David Lynch&nbsp;– Movie and Film Biography, Credits and Filmography |publisher=AllRovi |accessdate=August 10, 2012}}</ref> The episode was the first in the series to be directed by [[Duwayne Dunham]], who would return to helm two further installments in the series' second season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allrovi.com/name/duwayne-dunham-p88433 |title=Duwayne Dunham&nbsp;– Movie and Film Biography, Credits and Filmography |publisher=AllRovi |accessdate=August 10, 2012}}</ref> The episode features the first appearance of Frank Silva as [[Killer BOB|Killer Bob]], though the character is not yet identified at this point. Silva was the art director for the series, and had accidentally been caught on camera during a shot. Lynch was pleased with the result and decided to include Silva in the cast from then on.<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 32:02–32:38</ref>
  +
  +
Dunham had first met Lynch when he worked as the [[film editor]] for Lynch's 1986 film ''[[Blue Velvet (film)|Blue Velvet]]''.<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 01:55–02:26</ref> Dunham then edited "Pilot", and was about to look for another editing job elsewhere when he asked Lynch if the director had another film planned; a week later Lynch decided to film ''[[Wild at Heart (film)|Wild at Heart]]'' and asked Dunham to edit that as well.<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 02:45–03:36</ref> However, Dunham had committed to another project and felt uncomfortable leaving one editing job for another; Lynch then offered him a directing position on ''Twin Peaks'' in the interim to justify cancelling his other project.<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 03:37–04:23</ref> Dunham finished principal photography on "Episode 1" the same day that Lynch finished filming "Wild at Heart".<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 08:59–09:08</ref>
  +
  +
The introduction of a sexual rapport between the characters of Audrey Horne and Dale Cooper was a suggestion of Dunham's, who felt it would benefit both characters. Dunham felt that the central mystery in the series—the murder of schoolgirl Laura Palmer—was simply a "[[MacGuffin]]" to compel what he saw as the real focus, the interaction of the large ensemble cast. As such, he took care to introduce meaningful interactions between characters wherever possible.<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 05:02–06:47</ref> Dunham also spent time with each of the cast to help them develop their characters, having studied the scripts involved and basing his take on the characters on his experience with "Pilot".<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 12:29–13:13</ref>
  +
  +
Dunham retained the frequent use of static cameras seen in "Pilot", something he saw as a hallmark of Lynch's directing style;<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 10:01–10:28</ref> describing the result as "like framed pictures".<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 10:38–10:40</ref> He also continued the use of a "warm" reddish tint to the footage, using soft [[Coral (color)|coral]] filters and carefully selected props and costumes to obtain this coloring.<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 19:40–20:18</ref> This tint was considered important enough that Lynch sent a representative to the network to ensure they understood it was deliberate and not a mistake, for fear that they might correct the saturation to be more "realistic" before broadcasting it.<ref>[[#Dunham|Dunham]], 22:01–22:36</ref>
  +
  +
==Broadcast and reception==
  +
"Episode 1" was first broadcast on [[American Broadcasting Company]] (ABC) on April&nbsp;12, 1990. Upon its initial airing, it was seen by {{nowrap|14.9 million}} households, or {{nowrap|27 percent}} of the available audience.<ref name="ep1rating">{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8169420.html |publisher=''[[The Boston Globe]]'' |title='Peaks' Doesn't Overshadow 'Cheers' |first=Susan |last=Bickelhaupt |date=April 14, 1990 |accessdate=August 10, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> It placed second in its timeslot after ''[[Cheers (TV series)|Cheers]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3994032.html |title=Radio's new WCFL will return to oldies |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |first=Robert |last=Feder |date=April 16, 1990 |accessdate=August 10, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> This marked a decline from "Pilot", which attracted {{nowrap|33 percent}} of the available audience.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8169092.html |title='Twin Peaks' vs. 'Cheers' |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |first= Susan |last= Bickelhaupt |date=April 12, 1990 |accessdate=August 10, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The following episode would be viewed by {{nowrap|21 percent}} of the available audience, representing a further drop in numbers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Winners or losers? // Sping series shoot for fall slots |first=Robert |last=Feder |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3995106.html |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=April 23, 1990 |accessdate=August 10, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
  +
  +
Writing for ''[[The A.V. Club]]'', Keith Phipps awarded the episode an "A−" rating. He felt that the scene showing Leo Johnson domestically abusing his wife was "among the show's most disturbing moments", comparing it to a scene from the 1990 film ''[[The Grifters (film)|The Grifters]]''. Phipps also felt the sound design in the episode was impressive, commenting positively on the blurred distinction between [[diegesis|diegetic and non-diegetic]] music.<ref name="avc">{{cite web |url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/episode-1-episode-2,12697/ |title='Episode 1' / 'Episode 2' {{!}}Twin Peaks {{!}} TV Club |first=Keith |last=Phipps |date=December 5, 2007 |accessdate=August 10, 2012 |work=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> Writing for Allrovi, Andrea LeVasseur rated the episode four stars out of five.<ref name="rovi">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/twin-peaks-episode-01-v51341/ |title=Twin Peaks: Episode 01&nbsp;– Cast, Reviews, Summary, and Awards |publisher=AllRovi |first=Andrea |last=LeVasseur |accessdate=August 10, 2012}}</ref> [[Television Without Pity]]'s Daniel J. Blau felt that the episode showed series composer [[Angelo Badalamenti]] to have limited range, repeating several similar musical cues throughout. He also considered Eric Da Re's performance as Leo Johnson to be unconvincing, finding it difficult to believe that the character was as feared and menacing as was implied. However, Blau described the introduction of Killer Bob as still seeming powerful and frightening even several years after first being seen, considering it a potent and disturbing scene.<ref name="pity">{{cite web |url=http://www.televisionwithoutpity.com/show/twin-peaks/episode-one.php |title=Episode One&nbsp;– Twin Peaks TV Show&nbsp;– Recaps, Reviews, Episodes |first=Daniel J. |last=Blau |publisher=Television Without Pity |date=June 7, 2000 |accessdate=August 29, 2012}}</ref>
  +
  +
==Quotes==
  +
:''To be added''
  +
  +
==References==
  +
<small>{{Reflist}}</small>
  +
  +
{{DEFAULTSORT:01}}
  +
[[Category:Episodes]]

Revision as of 06:35, 24 January 2015

Not to be confused with the pilot episode.

"Episode 1", also known as "Traces to Nowhere", is the second episode of Twin Peaks' first season, which aired on ABC on April 12, 1990. It was written by series creators Mark Frost and David Lynch, and directed by Duwayne Dunham.

The day after Laura Palmer's murder, Agent Dale Cooper continues his investigation, questioning several suspects connected to the victim, including Laura's secret boyfriend James Hurley and her best friend Donna Hayward.

Synopsis

To be added

Log Lady introduction

Main article: Log Lady introductions

"I carry a log, yes. Is it funny to you? It is not to me. Behind all things are reasons. Reasons can even explain the absurd.

"Do we have the time to learn the reasons behind human beings' varied behavior? I think not. Some take the time. Are they called detectives? Watch, and see what life teaches."

Act 1

Act 2

Act 3

Act 4

Act 5

Episode credits

Cast

Starring

Guest Starring

Featuring

Uncredited

Production staff

  • Executive Producers:
  • Associate Producer: Philip Neel
  • Director of Photography: Frank Byers
  • Production Designer: Richard Hoover
  • Editor: Jonathan P. Shaw
  • Production Manager: Gregg Fienberg
  • First Assistant Director: Robert D. Simon
  • Second Assistant Directors:
    • Cristopher T. Gerrity
    • Deepak Nayar
  • Production Supervisor: Tim Harbert
  • 1st Assistant Camera: Rudy Fenenga Jr.
  • 2nd Assistant Camera: Beth Cotter
  • Art Director: Okowita
  • Set Decorator: Brian Kasch
  • Construction Coordinator: Keith Cox
  • Property Master: Clarence "Cass" Quitan
  • Costume Designer: Sara Markowitz
  • Costume Supervisor: Laurie L. Hudson
  • Make-Up: Carla Roseto Fabrizi
  • Hair: Annette E. Fabrizi
  • Make-Up/Hair Assistant: Linda A. Vallejo
  • Gaffer: Robert Ferrara
  • Key Grip: Joseph A. Kelly
  • Sound Mixer: Walter Hoylman
  • Boom Operator: Walter Charles Gorey
  • Transportation Coordinator: Steve Boyd
  • Transportation Captain: Greg Van Dyke
  • Location Manager: Steve Share
  • Casting Assistant: Elaine J. Huzzar
  • Script Supervisor: Judi Townsend
  • Production Controller: Nowell B. Grossman
  • Production Secretary: Lori Tulli-Mitchell
  • Orchestrations: Angelo Badalamenti
  • Assistant to Mark Frost: Paula K. Shimatsu-U.
  • Assistant to David Lynch: Debby Trutnik
  • Assistant to Gregg Fienberg: Suzanne Hargrove
  • Supervising Sound Editor: John Larsen
  • Music Editor: Lori L. Eschler
  • Assistant Editor: Pamela Reisenleiter
  • Apprentice Editor: Alison M. Howard
  • Re-recording Mixers:
    • Gary Alexander
    • Jim Fitzpatrick
    • Adam Jenkins
  • Assorted wardrobe provided by:
    • The Greif Companies
    • Sheplers
  • Extras Casting: Superior Casting, Inc.
  • Titles & Opticals by Pacific Title
  • Color by de luxe
  • Telecine and Electronic Post Production: Encore Video
  • Post Production Sound & Sound Effects by Todd-AO/Glen Glenn Studios
  • In Association with Propaganda Films


Production

"Episode 1" was written by the series creators David Lynch and Mark Frost. The pair had co-written "Pilot", and would also write "Episode 2" together. Frost would pen a further eight scripts for the series after that,[1] while Lynch would write just one episode—the second season opening installment, "Episode 8".[2] The episode was the first in the series to be directed by Duwayne Dunham, who would return to helm two further installments in the series' second season.[3] The episode features the first appearance of Frank Silva as Killer Bob, though the character is not yet identified at this point. Silva was the art director for the series, and had accidentally been caught on camera during a shot. Lynch was pleased with the result and decided to include Silva in the cast from then on.[4]

Dunham had first met Lynch when he worked as the film editor for Lynch's 1986 film Blue Velvet.[5] Dunham then edited "Pilot", and was about to look for another editing job elsewhere when he asked Lynch if the director had another film planned; a week later Lynch decided to film Wild at Heart and asked Dunham to edit that as well.[6] However, Dunham had committed to another project and felt uncomfortable leaving one editing job for another; Lynch then offered him a directing position on Twin Peaks in the interim to justify cancelling his other project.[7] Dunham finished principal photography on "Episode 1" the same day that Lynch finished filming "Wild at Heart".[8]

The introduction of a sexual rapport between the characters of Audrey Horne and Dale Cooper was a suggestion of Dunham's, who felt it would benefit both characters. Dunham felt that the central mystery in the series—the murder of schoolgirl Laura Palmer—was simply a "MacGuffin" to compel what he saw as the real focus, the interaction of the large ensemble cast. As such, he took care to introduce meaningful interactions between characters wherever possible.[9] Dunham also spent time with each of the cast to help them develop their characters, having studied the scripts involved and basing his take on the characters on his experience with "Pilot".[10]

Dunham retained the frequent use of static cameras seen in "Pilot", something he saw as a hallmark of Lynch's directing style;[11] describing the result as "like framed pictures".[12] He also continued the use of a "warm" reddish tint to the footage, using soft coral filters and carefully selected props and costumes to obtain this coloring.[13] This tint was considered important enough that Lynch sent a representative to the network to ensure they understood it was deliberate and not a mistake, for fear that they might correct the saturation to be more "realistic" before broadcasting it.[14]

Broadcast and reception

"Episode 1" was first broadcast on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on April 12, 1990. Upon its initial airing, it was seen by 14.9 million households, or 27 percent of the available audience.[15] It placed second in its timeslot after Cheers.[16] This marked a decline from "Pilot", which attracted 33 percent of the available audience.[17] The following episode would be viewed by 21 percent of the available audience, representing a further drop in numbers.[18]

Writing for The A.V. Club, Keith Phipps awarded the episode an "A−" rating. He felt that the scene showing Leo Johnson domestically abusing his wife was "among the show's most disturbing moments", comparing it to a scene from the 1990 film The Grifters. Phipps also felt the sound design in the episode was impressive, commenting positively on the blurred distinction between diegetic and non-diegetic music.[19] Writing for Allrovi, Andrea LeVasseur rated the episode four stars out of five.[20] Television Without Pity's Daniel J. Blau felt that the episode showed series composer Angelo Badalamenti to have limited range, repeating several similar musical cues throughout. He also considered Eric Da Re's performance as Leo Johnson to be unconvincing, finding it difficult to believe that the character was as feared and menacing as was implied. However, Blau described the introduction of Killer Bob as still seeming powerful and frightening even several years after first being seen, considering it a potent and disturbing scene.[21]

Quotes

To be added

References

  1. ↑ "Mark Frost – Movie and Film Biography, Credits and Filmography". AllRovi. Retrieved August 10, 2012. 
  2. ↑ "David Lynch – Movie and Film Biography, Credits and Filmography". AllRovi. Retrieved August 10, 2012. 
  3. ↑ "Duwayne Dunham – Movie and Film Biography, Credits and Filmography". AllRovi. Retrieved August 10, 2012. 
  4. ↑ Dunham, 32:02–32:38
  5. ↑ Dunham, 01:55–02:26
  6. ↑ Dunham, 02:45–03:36
  7. ↑ Dunham, 03:37–04:23
  8. ↑ Dunham, 08:59–09:08
  9. ↑ Dunham, 05:02–06:47
  10. ↑ Dunham, 12:29–13:13
  11. ↑ Dunham, 10:01–10:28
  12. ↑ Dunham, 10:38–10:40
  13. ↑ Dunham, 19:40–20:18
  14. ↑ Dunham, 22:01–22:36
  15. ↑ Bickelhaupt, Susan (April 14, 1990). "'Peaks' Doesn't Overshadow 'Cheers'". The Boston Globe. Retrieved August 10, 2012.  Template:Subscription required
  16. ↑ Feder, Robert (April 16, 1990). "Radio's new WCFL will return to oldies". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved August 10, 2012.  Template:Subscription required
  17. ↑ Bickelhaupt, Susan (April 12, 1990). "'Twin Peaks' vs. 'Cheers'". The Boston Globe. Retrieved August 10, 2012.  Template:Subscription required
  18. ↑ Feder, Robert (April 23, 1990). "Winners or losers? // Sping series shoot for fall slots". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved August 10, 2012.  Template:Subscription required
  19. ↑ Phipps, Keith (December 5, 2007). "'Episode 1' / 'Episode 2' |Twin Peaks | TV Club". The A.V. Club. Retrieved August 10, 2012. 
  20. ↑ LeVasseur, Andrea. "Twin Peaks: Episode 01 – Cast, Reviews, Summary, and Awards". AllRovi. Retrieved August 10, 2012. 
  21. ↑ Blau, Daniel J. (June 7, 2000). "Episode One – Twin Peaks TV Show – Recaps, Reviews, Episodes". Television Without Pity. Retrieved August 29, 2012. 
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